Who are the AGT judges that captivate audiences worldwide with their charismatic presence and expert critiques? Each season of America's Got Talent (AGT) introduces a panel of judges that instantly become household names, commanding attention with their unique blend of entertainment industry wisdom and colorful personalities. These judges, representing a diverse array of backgrounds, play a pivotal role in shaping the journey of contestants as they strive for fame. Their influence extends beyond the stage, as they often guide and inspire both budding talents and seasoned performers alike.
America's Got Talent, fondly known as AGT, is a reality television talent show that has become a staple of American entertainment since its premiere in 2006. The show offers a platform for performers of all ages and talents to showcase their skills, and a significant part of its allure lies in the dynamic panel of judges. These judges, each a luminary in their respective fields, bring a wealth of experience and perspective to the show. Over the years, the AGT judges have evolved, with some staying for multiple seasons, while others have made brief, memorable appearances.
From the glitzy stage performances to the heartwarming stories of the contestants, AGT judges are integral in crafting the show's narrative. They provide feedback that can make or break a performance, and their decisions often reflect a mix of technical critique and emotional resonance. Their interactions with contestants and each other add layers of drama, humor, and sometimes controversy, making them an indispensable part of the AGT experience. This article delves into the biographies of these judges, exploring their contributions to the show and the broader entertainment landscape.
Table of Contents
- Biography of AGT Judges
- History and Evolution of AGT Judges
- Impact of AGT Judges on the Show
- Selection Process of AGT Judges
- Famous AGT Judges and Their Contributions
- Dynamics Among AGT Judges
- Roles and Responsibilities of AGT Judges
- Influence of Judges on Contestants
- Challenges Faced by AGT Judges
- Controversies Involving AGT Judges
- Popularity and Fan Following of AGT Judges
- Future of AGT Judges
- Behind the Scenes with AGT Judges
- Contributions of AGT Judges to the Entertainment Industry
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
Biography of AGT Judges
AGT judges hail from various corners of the entertainment industry, bringing their unique flair and expertise to the show. These personalities are not just judges; they are icons in their own right, with compelling backstories that have shaped their paths to becoming judges on America's Got Talent.
One of the most prominent figures among the AGT judges is Simon Cowell, a name synonymous with talent shows. Known for his sharp wit and sometimes brutally honest critiques, Simon's journey to becoming an AGT judge is as compelling as his persona on the show. Born in London, England, Simon Cowell initially worked in the music industry, where he made a name for himself as a record executive. His big break came with the global success of the television series "Pop Idol," which he created. This success paved the way for his role on "American Idol," followed by his involvement with AGT.
| Judge | Background | Notable Works | Years on AGT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simon Cowell | Music Executive | X Factor, American Idol | 2016-present |
| Heidi Klum | Model, TV Personality | Germany's Next Top Model, Project Runway | 2013-2018, 2020-present |
| Howie Mandel | Comedian, Actor | Deal or No Deal, Bobby's World | 2010-present |
| Sofia Vergara | Actress, Producer | Modern Family, Hot Pursuit | 2020-present |
Heidi Klum, another stalwart of the AGT judging panel, brings her fashion and modeling expertise to the show. Born in Germany, Heidi rose to fame as a model, gracing the covers of prestigious magazines and serving as a Victoria's Secret Angel. Her transition to television was marked by her role as a host and executive producer of "Project Runway," a reality competition that showcased her keen eye for talent and fashion.
Howie Mandel, a beloved comedian and actor, has been a fixture on AGT since 2010. Known for his infectious humor and approachable demeanor, Howie offers a unique perspective on the show, often connecting with contestants on a personal level. His career spans decades, with notable roles in television and film, including the animated series "Bobby's World" and the game show "Deal or No Deal."
Sofia Vergara, a relative newcomer to the AGT judges' panel, has quickly made an impact with her vibrant personality and keen insights. Known for her role as Gloria Delgado-Pritchett on the hit television series "Modern Family," Sofia's journey to AGT is a testament to her versatility and talent. Born in Colombia, she began her career as a model and television host before making a successful transition to acting in Hollywood.
History and Evolution of AGT Judges
Since its inception, America's Got Talent has seen a revolving door of judges, each bringing their distinct flavor to the show. The history of AGT judges is a fascinating journey through the evolving landscape of television talent shows, reflecting broader trends in entertainment and popular culture.
The original panel in 2006 consisted of David Hasselhoff, Brandy Norwood, and Piers Morgan. These judges set the tone for the early seasons of AGT, providing a blend of musical and performance expertise. David Hasselhoff, known for his roles in "Knight Rider" and "Baywatch," brought his charismatic presence and entertainment industry experience. Brandy Norwood, a singer and actress, offered her musical insights, while Piers Morgan, a British journalist, known for his incisive commentary, contributed his knack for spotting talent.
As AGT gained popularity, the judges' panel evolved to include a diverse array of celebrities from different entertainment sectors. Sharon Osbourne replaced Regis Philbin in 2007, marking the beginning of a new era for AGT. Sharon, known for her role as a music manager and television personality, brought her own brand of charisma to the show. Her tenure was marked by her candid feedback and humorous exchanges with contestants and fellow judges.
The departure of Piers Morgan in 2011 led to the introduction of Howard Stern, a radio personality known for his outspoken and often controversial opinions. Howard's presence on the show added an element of unpredictability, as he was not afraid to voice unconventional views and challenge traditional notions of talent.
The arrival of Simon Cowell in 2016 marked another pivotal moment in AGT's history. As one of the creators of the "Got Talent" franchise, Simon's involvement brought a sense of continuity and authenticity to the show. His presence has been instrumental in maintaining the show's popularity and relevance, as he continues to be a driving force behind the scenes.
Throughout its history, AGT has also featured guest judges, offering a fresh perspective and adding excitement to the competition. These guest judges, often celebrities in their own right, provide a unique dynamic, enriching the judging process and offering contestants a diverse range of feedback.
Impact of AGT Judges on the Show
The impact of AGT judges on the show cannot be overstated. They are not mere evaluators but are crucial to the show's identity and success. Their presence, feedback, and interactions with contestants shape the viewer's experience, adding a layer of excitement and anticipation to each episode.
One of the most significant contributions of AGT judges is their ability to identify and nurture talent. Through their feedback, they help contestants refine their skills and improve their performances. This mentorship aspect is particularly evident during the audition phases, where judges often provide constructive criticism and guidance to help contestants reach their full potential.
AGT judges also serve as a source of inspiration and motivation for contestants. Their stories of success and perseverance resonate with aspiring performers, encouraging them to pursue their dreams with unwavering determination. The emotional connections they form with contestants often lead to heartwarming moments on the show, further endearing them to audiences.
Furthermore, the judges' interactions with each other add a layer of entertainment and intrigue to AGT. Their camaraderie, banter, and occasional disagreements create a dynamic atmosphere that keeps viewers engaged. These interactions often reflect broader themes of collaboration and competition, mirroring the journey of the contestants themselves.
The judges' impact extends beyond the show, as they often champion the careers of AGT alumni. Many contestants who have found success on the show credit the judges for their support and encouragement. This influence is evident in the careers of AGT winners and finalists, many of whom have gone on to achieve significant success in the entertainment industry.
Selection Process of AGT Judges
The selection process for AGT judges is a carefully curated endeavor that seeks to identify individuals who possess a unique blend of expertise, charisma, and relatability. This process is critical to the show's success, as the judges play a pivotal role in shaping the competition and engaging the audience.
One of the primary criteria for selecting AGT judges is their experience and credibility in the entertainment industry. Judges are often individuals with established careers and a proven track record of success in their respective fields. This ensures that they have the knowledge and insights required to evaluate a wide range of talents effectively.
Another important factor in the selection process is the judge's ability to resonate with the audience. AGT is a family-friendly show that appeals to viewers of all ages, and judges must be able to connect with a diverse audience. This requires a combination of charisma, humor, and approachability, as well as the ability to convey genuine empathy and understanding.
The selection process also considers the dynamic among the judges themselves. The chemistry and interactions between judges are crucial to the show's appeal, as they influence the overall atmosphere and tone. As such, producers strive to assemble a panel that balances diverse personalities and perspectives, creating a cohesive and engaging dynamic.
In addition to these factors, the selection process often involves input from key stakeholders, including the show's producers, network executives, and Simon Cowell, who plays a significant role in the "Got Talent" franchise. This collaborative approach ensures that the chosen judges align with the show's vision and objectives, contributing to its continued success.
Famous AGT Judges and Their Contributions
Over the years, AGT has featured a roster of famous judges whose contributions have left an indelible mark on the show. These judges, each a luminary in their field, have brought their unique perspectives and expertise to AGT, enriching the competition and captivating audiences worldwide.
Simon Cowell, perhaps the most recognizable face among AGT judges, has been instrumental in shaping the "Got Talent" franchise. His sharp wit and keen eye for talent have made him a formidable presence on the show. Simon's contributions extend beyond his role as a judge, as he has played a significant part in the show's development and success. His ability to identify star quality and potential has helped catapult numerous contestants to fame.
Heidi Klum, known for her background in fashion and modeling, has brought a touch of glamour and style to the AGT judging panel. Her keen eye for aesthetics and performance has made her a valuable asset to the show. Heidi's contributions are evident in her thoughtful critiques and encouragement of contestants, particularly those with unique and unconventional talents.
Howie Mandel, with his background in comedy and television, has added a layer of humor and relatability to AGT. His approachable demeanor and genuine enthusiasm for talent have endeared him to contestants and viewers alike. Howie's contributions to the show are reflected in his ability to connect with contestants on a personal level, offering support and guidance throughout their journey.
Sofia Vergara, a recent addition to the AGT judging panel, has quickly become a fan favorite. Her vibrant personality and infectious energy have brought a fresh perspective to the show. Sofia's background in acting and production has equipped her with valuable insights into the entertainment industry, allowing her to offer constructive feedback and encouragement to contestants.
Other notable judges who have graced the AGT stage include Mel B, a former member of the Spice Girls, Howard Stern, Sharon Osbourne, and Gabrielle Union. Each of these judges has left a unique imprint on the show, contributing to its rich tapestry of talent and entertainment.
Dynamics Among AGT Judges
The dynamics among AGT judges are a fascinating aspect of the show, contributing to its entertainment value and appeal. These interactions, characterized by camaraderie, banter, and occasional disagreements, create a lively and engaging atmosphere that keeps viewers coming back for more.
One of the key elements of the judges' dynamics is their diverse backgrounds and personalities. This diversity fosters a range of perspectives and opinions, enriching the judging process and ensuring a balanced evaluation of contestants. The interplay of different viewpoints often leads to lively discussions and debates, adding an extra layer of excitement to the show.
The judges' camaraderie is another important aspect of their dynamics. Over the years, AGT judges have formed strong bonds, both on and off the camera. These relationships are evident in their interactions, which often include playful teasing and humorous exchanges. This camaraderie creates a sense of authenticity and warmth, making viewers feel like they are part of the AGT family.
However, the dynamics among judges are not without their challenges. Disagreements and conflicts can arise, particularly when judges have differing opinions on a contestant's performance. These moments of tension add drama and intrigue to the show, as viewers are drawn to the unfolding narrative and the resolution of conflicts.
Despite these challenges, the judges' dynamics ultimately contribute to the show's success. Their interactions reflect broader themes of collaboration and competition, mirroring the journey of the contestants themselves. The judges' ability to navigate these dynamics with grace and professionalism is a testament to their expertise and commitment to the show's mission.
Roles and Responsibilities of AGT Judges
The roles and responsibilities of AGT judges are multifaceted, encompassing both the evaluation of talent and the mentorship of contestants. These responsibilities are crucial to the show's success, as they ensure a fair and engaging competition that captivates audiences worldwide.
One of the primary responsibilities of AGT judges is to evaluate contestants' performances. This involves assessing a wide range of talents, from singing and dancing to magic and comedy. Judges must consider various factors, including technical skill, creativity, originality, and stage presence, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of each performance.
In addition to evaluation, AGT judges play a mentorship role, offering guidance and support to contestants throughout their journey. This mentorship is particularly evident during the audition phases, where judges provide constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement. This guidance is essential for contestants as they refine their skills and pursue their dreams.
AGT judges also have a responsibility to engage with the audience, both in the studio and at home. Their interactions with contestants and each other create a dynamic and entertaining atmosphere that keeps viewers engaged. Judges must balance their critiques with humor and empathy, ensuring a positive and enjoyable viewing experience.
Another important responsibility of AGT judges is to make difficult decisions, such as selecting contestants to advance to the next round or choosing a winner. These decisions require careful consideration and collaboration among judges, as they have a significant impact on the contestants' lives and careers.
Overall, the roles and responsibilities of AGT judges are integral to the show's success. Their expertise, guidance, and engagement with contestants and viewers create a dynamic and captivating competition that continues to resonate with audiences worldwide.
Influence of Judges on Contestants
The influence of AGT judges on contestants is profound, shaping their journey on the show and beyond. Judges provide valuable feedback, guidance, and support, helping contestants refine their skills and reach their full potential.
One of the most significant ways judges influence contestants is through their feedback. During the audition phases, judges provide constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement, helping contestants hone their craft. This feedback is invaluable, as it offers contestants a fresh perspective on their performances and identifies areas for growth.
In addition to feedback, judges offer mentorship and encouragement, inspiring contestants to pursue their dreams with determination and resilience. Their stories of success and perseverance resonate with contestants, serving as a source of motivation and inspiration. This mentorship is particularly important for young and aspiring performers, who look to judges as role models and sources of guidance.
The influence of judges extends beyond the show, as they often champion the careers of AGT alumni. Many contestants credit the judges for their success, noting their support and encouragement as a driving force behind their achievements. This influence is evident in the careers of AGT winners and finalists, many of whom have gone on to achieve significant success in the entertainment industry.
Furthermore, the judges' influence is reflected in the broader themes of collaboration and competition that permeate AGT. Their interactions with contestants and each other create a dynamic atmosphere that mirrors the journey of the contestants themselves. This influence contributes to the show's appeal, as viewers are drawn to the unfolding narrative and the resolution of conflicts and challenges.
Challenges Faced by AGT Judges
AGT judges face a range of challenges as they navigate the complexities of evaluating talent and engaging with contestants and viewers. These challenges require expertise, diplomacy, and a deep understanding of the entertainment industry to overcome.
One of the primary challenges faced by judges is the diversity of talents they must evaluate. AGT attracts contestants from a wide range of disciplines, each with their unique skills and performances. Judges must assess these talents fairly and objectively, considering various factors such as technical skill, creativity, and stage presence. This requires a deep understanding of different art forms and the ability to evaluate performances across diverse categories.
Another challenge is the emotional aspect of judging. AGT is a highly emotional show, with contestants sharing personal stories and dreams with the judges and audience. Judges must balance their critiques with empathy and sensitivity, ensuring that their feedback is constructive and supportive. This requires emotional intelligence and the ability to navigate complex interpersonal dynamics.
The judges also face the challenge of making difficult decisions, such as selecting contestants to advance to the next round or choosing a winner. These decisions have a significant impact on the contestants' lives and careers, and judges must weigh various factors carefully to ensure a fair and just outcome. This requires collaboration and communication among judges, as well as the ability to manage conflicting opinions and perspectives.
In addition to these challenges, judges must also engage with the audience, both in the studio and at home. Their interactions with contestants and each other create a dynamic and entertaining atmosphere, and judges must balance their critiques with humor and empathy to ensure a positive viewing experience. This requires charisma, approachability, and the ability to connect with a diverse audience.
Controversies Involving AGT Judges
Like any high-profile television show, America's Got Talent has not been immune to controversies, some of which have involved its judges. These controversies often stem from disagreements or incidents that capture the public's attention, highlighting the challenges and complexities of being in the spotlight.
One notable controversy involved judge Gabrielle Union, who raised concerns about the show's work environment, citing issues of diversity and inclusion. Her departure from the show in 2019 sparked a public debate and led to an internal investigation by the network. This controversy underscored the importance of diversity and representation in the entertainment industry and prompted discussions about creating a more inclusive environment on set.
Howard Stern, known for his outspoken personality, also found himself at the center of controversy during his tenure as an AGT judge. His candid and often provocative comments drew criticism from some viewers and media outlets. However, his controversial style also attracted a loyal fan base, highlighting the polarizing nature of his presence on the show.
Simon Cowell, a seasoned judge with a reputation for his blunt critiques, has faced his share of controversies as well. His sometimes harsh feedback has occasionally sparked backlash from contestants and viewers, leading to debates about the balance between honesty and sensitivity in judging.
Despite these controversies, the AGT judges have continued to play a vital role in the show's success. Their ability to navigate complex situations with professionalism and grace has helped maintain the show's integrity and appeal. These incidents have also sparked important conversations about the role of judges in talent shows and the broader entertainment industry.
Popularity and Fan Following of AGT Judges
The popularity and fan following of AGT judges are a testament to their charisma, expertise, and ability to connect with audiences. These judges have become household names, each attracting a dedicated fan base that spans across the globe.
Simon Cowell, often regarded as the face of AGT, has a significant fan following due to his influential role in the talent show industry. His sharp wit and keen eye for talent have made him a respected figure, with fans appreciating his honest and sometimes brutally candid critiques. Simon's presence on social media and his engagement with fans have further cemented his popularity.
Heidi Klum's background in fashion and modeling has earned her a devoted fan base, particularly among those interested in style and aesthetics. Her glamorous presence and insightful critiques have made her a beloved figure on AGT, with fans appreciating her ability to recognize and celebrate creativity and originality.
Howie Mandel, known for his approachable demeanor and humor, has endeared himself to audiences worldwide. His relatability and genuine enthusiasm for talent have made him a fan favorite, with viewers appreciating his ability to connect with contestants on a personal level. Howie's active presence on social media and his engagement with fans have further contributed to his popularity.
Sofia Vergara, a recent addition to the AGT judging panel, has quickly gained a dedicated fan following. Her vibrant personality and infectious energy have resonated with viewers, who appreciate her fresh perspective and dynamic presence on the show. Sofia's popularity extends beyond AGT, with fans drawn to her successful career in acting and production.
Overall, the popularity and fan following of AGT judges are a testament to their impact on the show and the broader entertainment industry. Their ability to connect with audiences and inspire contestants has made them an integral part of the AGT experience, contributing to the show's continued success.
Future of AGT Judges
The future of AGT judges is a topic of great interest and speculation, as the show continues to evolve and adapt to changing trends in entertainment and popular culture. As AGT enters new seasons, the role of judges is expected to remain a central element of the show's success, with potential changes and developments on the horizon.
One potential area of evolution is the composition of the judging panel. As the entertainment industry continues to diversify, AGT may seek to include judges from a broader range of backgrounds and disciplines, reflecting the show's commitment to inclusivity and representation. This could bring fresh perspectives and insights to the judging process, enhancing the competition and engaging a wider audience.
The role of technology and digital platforms in the future of AGT judges is another area of interest. As technology continues to transform the entertainment landscape, judges may leverage digital tools to enhance their evaluations and interactions with contestants. This could include virtual auditions, real-time feedback, and social media engagement, creating new opportunities for judges to connect with contestants and viewers.
The future of AGT judges may also involve a greater focus on mentorship and talent development. As the show continues to attract a diverse range of performers, judges may play an increasingly active role in guiding and supporting contestants beyond the competition. This could involve collaboration with industry professionals, mentorship programs, and opportunities for contestants to showcase their talents on a global stage.
Overall, the future of AGT judges is likely to reflect broader trends in the entertainment industry, with a continued emphasis on innovation, diversity, and engagement. As AGT continues to captivate audiences worldwide, the judges will remain a vital and dynamic component of the show's success, shaping the future of talent competition and entertainment.
Behind the Scenes with AGT Judges
Behind the scenes with AGT judges offers a glimpse into the preparation, collaboration, and camaraderie that define their roles on the show. These behind-the-scenes moments reveal the dedication and expertise required to evaluate talent and engage with contestants and viewers.
Preparation is a key component of the judges' behind-the-scenes experience. Before each episode, judges review contestant profiles, performance notes, and feedback from previous rounds. This preparation ensures that they are well-informed and ready to provide constructive critiques and guidance to contestants. Judges also collaborate with producers and other team members to plan the show's format and schedule.
Collaboration among judges is another important aspect of the behind-the-scenes experience. Judges often engage in discussions and debates about contestants' performances, sharing their perspectives and insights. This collaboration ensures a balanced and fair evaluation process, as judges work together to make difficult decisions and select contestants to advance to the next round.
Camaraderie is a defining feature of the judges' behind-the-scenes interactions. Despite their diverse backgrounds and personalities, judges often form strong bonds, supporting and encouraging each other throughout the competition. This camaraderie is evident in their interactions on and off camera, creating a positive and dynamic atmosphere that resonates with contestants and viewers.
Overall, the behind-the-scenes experience with AGT judges offers a unique perspective on the dedication, expertise, and teamwork that contribute to the show's success. These moments reveal the hard work and commitment required to evaluate talent and engage with contestants and viewers, highlighting the judges' integral role in the AGT experience.
Contributions of AGT Judges to the Entertainment Industry
The contributions of AGT judges to the entertainment industry are significant, reflecting their expertise, influence, and impact on talent competition and popular culture. These contributions extend beyond the show, shaping the broader landscape of entertainment and inspiring future generations of performers and industry professionals.
One of the most notable contributions of AGT judges is their ability to identify and nurture talent. Through their feedback and mentorship, judges have helped launch the careers of numerous contestants, many of whom have gone on to achieve significant success in the entertainment industry. This influence is evident in the careers of AGT winners and finalists, who credit the judges for their support and encouragement.
AGT judges have also contributed to the diversification and inclusivity of the entertainment industry. By championing a wide range of talents and backgrounds, judges have helped break down barriers and challenge traditional notions of talent and performance. This commitment to diversity and representation has inspired performers and industry professionals worldwide, fostering a more inclusive and dynamic entertainment landscape.
The judges' expertise and insights have also contributed to the evolution of talent competition as a genre. Their ability to evaluate and critique a diverse range of performances has enriched the judging process, setting new standards for talent shows worldwide. This expertise has inspired future generations of judges and industry professionals, shaping the future of talent competition and entertainment.
Overall, the contributions of AGT judges to the entertainment industry are a testament to their impact and influence. Their ability to identify and nurture talent, champion diversity and inclusivity, and set new standards for talent competition has left an indelible mark on the industry, inspiring performers and industry professionals worldwide.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who are the current AGT judges?
The current AGT judges are Simon Cowell, Heidi Klum, Howie Mandel, and Sofia Vergara. Each judge brings their unique expertise and perspective to the show, contributing to its dynamic and engaging competition.
How are AGT judges selected?
AGT judges are selected based on their expertise, charisma, and ability to connect with audiences. The selection process involves input from key stakeholders, including the show's producers and network executives, to ensure that the chosen judges align with the show's vision and objectives.
What role do AGT judges play in the show?
AGT judges play a multifaceted role in the show, evaluating talent, providing feedback and mentorship, and engaging with contestants and viewers. Their expertise and guidance are integral to the show's success, shaping the competition and captivating audiences worldwide.
How do AGT judges influence contestants?
AGT judges influence contestants through their feedback and mentorship, helping them refine their skills and reach their full potential. Judges also serve as sources of inspiration and motivation, encouraging contestants to pursue their dreams with determination and resilience.
What challenges do AGT judges face?
AGT judges face a range of challenges, including evaluating diverse talents, balancing critiques with empathy, and making difficult decisions. These challenges require expertise, diplomacy, and a deep understanding of the entertainment industry to overcome.
What is the future of AGT judges?
The future of AGT judges is likely to reflect broader trends in the entertainment industry, with a continued emphasis on innovation, diversity, and engagement. The role of judges is expected to remain a central element of the show's success, with potential changes and developments on the horizon.
Conclusion
AGT judges are an integral part of the America's Got Talent experience, contributing to the show's success and appeal. Their expertise, charisma, and ability to connect with contestants and viewers have made them household names, inspiring future generations of performers and industry professionals. As AGT continues to evolve and adapt to changing trends in entertainment and popular culture, the judges will remain a vital and dynamic component of the show's success, shaping the future of talent competition and entertainment.
Their contributions extend beyond the show, influencing the broader entertainment industry and inspiring performers worldwide. Through their feedback and mentorship, AGT judges have helped launch the careers of numerous contestants, championing diversity and inclusivity and setting new standards for talent competition. As AGT enters new seasons, the judges' role in identifying and nurturing talent, engaging with audiences, and inspiring future generations will continue to be a central element of the show's success.
In conclusion, AGT judges are more than just evaluators; they are mentors, role models, and influencers who have left an indelible mark on the entertainment industry. Their ability to connect with audiences and inspire contestants has made them an integral part of the AGT experience, contributing to the show's continued success and enduring appeal.
